TRACKER LAUNCH DATE ASTRONOMY SPACEX CONTROVERSY FAQ REFLECT ORBITAL
0MIRRORS IN ORBIT NOW
2HISTORICAL FLIGHTS
1FAILED DEPLOYMENTS
1LAUNCHES IMMINENT
◈ NEXT CONFIRMED ORBITAL MIRROR LAUNCH
EARENDIL-1 — Reflect Orbital
Estimated launch window: mid-2026 · FCC filing confirmed · US Air Force SBIR contract awarded
DAYS
HOURS
MINS
SECS
SUN EARTH 625km SSO PRE-LAUNCH · MID-2026 ~5km FOOTPRINT EÄRENDIL-1 REFLECT ORBITAL · SSO · 625km ORBITALSOLAR.AI · NOT AFFILIATED WITH REFLECT ORBITAL
ORBITAL MIRROR STATUS — ALL KNOWN MISSIONS MISSION · YEAR · OPERATOR SIZE · BRIGHTNESS STATUS ZNAMYA-2 1993 · Russia / RSC Energia 20m ⌀ Mag ~3–5 sky · full moon in beam ✓ SUCCESS ZNAMYA-2.5 1999 · Russia / RSC Energia 25m ⌀ Target: 5–10× moon in beam ✗ FAILED CHENGDU 2018 · China · Proposal only Undisclosed 8× Moon · claimed only ◈ SHELVED EARENDIL-1 2026 target · USA · Reflect Orbital 18×18m mag ~−4 · Venus-bright ◈ PRE-LAUNCH RO CONSTELLATION 2027+ · USA · If EARENDIL-1 succeeds 4,000 → 50,000 2030 target → long-term PROPOSED ORBITALSOLAR.AI · PASS TRACKING GOES LIVE AT EARENDIL-1 LAUNCH

ALL MISSIONS

Complete Mission Registry

FLOWN · 1993
Znamya-2
RSC Energia / Russian Space Agency · Progress M-15 / Mir Station
MISSION COMPLETE
DEORBITED
20mMIRROR DIAMETER
~390kmORBITAL ALTITUDE
~Full MoonPEAK GROUND BRIGHTNESS IN BEAM
The first orbital mirror ever deployed. Unfurled from Progress M-15 cargo craft docked to the Mir space station. The aluminised Mylar reflector successfully traced a ~5km beam across nighttime Europe, confirming the fundamental physics. Visible from the ground. Refolded after the demonstration and burned up on re-entry with the Progress craft.
FAILED DEPLOY · 1999
Znamya-2.5
RSC Energia / Russian Space Agency · Progress M-40 / Mir Station
DEPLOYMENT FAILED
PROGRAMME ENDED
25mMIRROR DIAMETER
~390kmORBITAL ALTITUDE
5–10× MoonTARGET GROUND BRIGHTNESS (UNACHIEVED)
A larger follow-on to Znamya-2, targeting magnitude 3 brightness — comparable to a bright star at dusk. The reflector snagged on an external antenna on the Progress craft during deployment and failed to fully unfurl. The experiment was terminated, and the programme was cancelled after Mir's controlled deorbit in March 2001.
SHELVED · 2018–2020
Chengdu Artificial Moon
Chengdu Aerospace Science Institute · Chengdu City Government · China
NO HARDWARE
PROGRAMME INACTIVE
UndisclosedMIRROR SIZE
~500kmPROPOSED ALTITUDE
8× MoonCLAIMED BRIGHTNESS
Announced by Chengdu city officials in 2018, the proposal claimed a reflective satellite could illuminate up to 50km of urban area with 8× the brightness of the full moon, reducing street lighting costs. Global media coverage was extensive. Chinese aerospace scientists publicly questioned the technical and economic claims. No funding, hardware, or launch schedule was ever confirmed. The proposal appears inactive as of 2024.
PENDING LAUNCH · 2026
EARENDIL-1
Reflect Orbital · USA · FCC application filed
PRE-LAUNCH
MID-2026 TARGET
18×18mMYLAR MIRROR
625km SSOTARGET ORBIT
~VenusPEAK BRIGHTNESS
The first commercial orbital mirror and the first illumination satellite since Znamya-2.5 (1999). A demonstration satellite for Reflect Orbital's planned constellation — 4,000 mirrors by 2030, scaling toward 50,000 at full commercial build-out. Funded by $20M Series A led by Lux Capital (May 2025) plus a $6.5M seed led by Sequoia (September 2024). A US Air Force SBIR contract ($1.25M) validates military illumination applications. Each pass delivers ~3.5 minutes of enhanced light to a ~5km footprint. Pass tracking will go live on OrbitalNodes.ai at launch. → Full Reflect Orbital company profile
PROPOSED · 2027+
Reflect Orbital Constellation (Phase 2+)
Reflect Orbital · USA
CONTINGENT ON
EARENDIL-1 SUCCESS
4,000BY 2030 · PHASE 2
50,000LONG-TERM GOAL
20% SunTARGET INTENSITY
Reflect Orbital's full commercial vision: a pole-to-pole sun-synchronous constellation delivering coordinated mirror passes over solar farms, entertainment venues, and military targets. Sun-synchronous orbit keeps every satellite in near-constant sunlight. The 2030 target is 4,000 satellites; the long-term commercial build-out extends to 50,000 or more. Both figures have attracted heavy criticism from astronomers and the IAU, who argue the full constellation would fundamentally alter the shared night sky.

Pass Tracking Goes Live at EARENDIL-1 Launch

OrbitalNodes.ai will display predicted mirror pass times, illumination angles, and beam targets from launch day. No install required — runs in your browser.

Track satellites tonight — OrbitalNodes.ai →