TRACKER LAUNCH DATE ASTRONOMY SPACEX CONTROVERSY FAQ REFLECT ORBITAL
19.4°NLATITUDE
83°MAX ELEVATION
CSTTIMEZONE
~−4PEAK MAGNITUDE
◈ PRE-LAUNCH — NO MIRROR IN ORBIT YET
EARENDIL-1 is targeting a mid-2026 launch. There is currently no space mirror in orbit. Pass predictions for Mexico City will go live on OrbitalNodes.ai from launch day — exact times, directions, and beam target information updated in real time.
EARENDIL-1 PASS ARC AND BEAM FOOTPRINT — MEXICO CITY
30° 60° 90° 5km beam footprint Peak 83° — directly overhead NW NE MEXICO CITY · 19.4°N · EARENDIL-1 PASS GEOMETRY 3–5 passes/week (season) mag ~−4 at peak
EARENDIL-1 VIEWING CONDITIONS — MEXICO CITY BY MONTH VIEWING QUALITY BY MONTH J F M A BEST M BEST J BEST J BEST A BEST S BEST O GOOD N D STATS 70° MAX ELEV 3–5/week PASSES/WK B7 BORTLE 19.4°N NW → NE ★ BEST: APR–OCT Southern winter — long nights, low humidity ✗ AVOID: DEC–FEB Summer haze, short nights UNIQUE Southern hemisphere — revers
PASS GEOMETRY

What to Expect in Mexico City

LATITUDE AND PASS GEOMETRY
From 19.4°N in the tropical Northern Hemisphere, EARENDIL-1 passes rise in the SW and transit toward the NE — the standard direction for northern-hemisphere observers. Maximum elevation reaches ~83° — essentially directly overhead. Mexico City's 2,240m altitude (the highest major city in North America) provides measurably thinner atmosphere than sea-level cities, reducing atmospheric extinction and enhancing apparent brightness. The Valley of Mexico is surrounded by mountains — Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl to the SE, Sierra de las Cruces to the W — which frame the sky dome dramatically. EARENDIL-1 orbits at a similar inclination to the ISS, meaning it will pass over Mexico City multiple times per week when operational.
VIEWING WINDOW
April through October (southern hemisphere autumn/winter) offer the best conditions. Southern hemisphere seasons are reversed. June and July — southern winter — give the longest dark evenings and best satellite viewing. Summer (December–January) brings long twilight. Like all satellites, EARENDIL-1 is only visible during twilight — when your sky is dark but the mirror is still in direct sunlight. Outside this window it is either invisible in daylight or in Earth's shadow.
LIGHT POLLUTION BORTLE 7
Central Mexico City sits at Bortle 8–9 with extensive metropolitan light pollution covering 1,400 km². EARENDIL-1 at magnitude ~−4 is nonetheless easily visible from the Zócalo, Chapultepec Park, or any elevated location such as Cerro de la Estrella. The 83° near-zenith peak elevation combined with 2,240m altitude gives Mexico City one of the visually best-positioned locations on Earth for orbital mirror viewing. Cofre de Perote and the slopes of Pico de Orizaba (~200km east, Bortle 3–4) offer the closest accessible dark skies. The Observatorio Astronómico Nacional at San Pedro Mártir in Baja California (~1,800km NW, Bortle 2) is Mexico's premier dark-sky research site.
5KM BEAM FOOTPRINT
A 5km beam footprint could span from the Zócalo to Chapultepec Park and onto Polanco in a single pass — covering the entire historic and cultural core of the city. Alternatively, a beam over the Reforma corridor could illuminate the Ángel de la Independencia and major skyscrapers simultaneously. A pass targeting Teotihuacán (50km NE, ancient pyramids) would be globally distinctive — concentrated sunlight illuminating one of the most visited archaeological sites in the Americas. The footprint moves at orbital velocity (7.6 km/s) but lingers over the target for several minutes during pass peak.
SEASONAL NOTES
December through May is Mexico City's dry season — cool, clear evenings with exceptional transparency thanks to the city's high altitude and seasonal absence of convective storms. Summer (May–October) brings daily afternoon thunderstorms that often clear by late evening, still leaving many viewing opportunities. March and November offer stable transitional weather. The Sierra Madre and volcanic highlands east of the city provide dark-sky destinations within a 3–4 hour drive.
OBSERVER GUIDE

What EARENDIL-1 Will Look Like from Mexico City

From Mexico City, EARENDIL-1 passes will appear as a fast-moving point of light crossing the sky in approximately 3–4 minutes. At peak brightness it will reach magnitude ~−4 — comparable to Venus at maximum. The combination of 83° peak elevation (directly overhead) and 2,240m altitude thinning the atmosphere makes Mexico City one of the visually best positions on Earth for watching an orbital mirror pass. The mirror will often transit directly overhead against the backdrop of Popocatépetl's volcanic silhouette on the southeastern horizon.

The mirror is steerable — between targeted commercial passes, Reflect Orbital tilts it away from Earth, making it much dimmer or invisible. During an active commercial pass you'll see a sudden brightening as the beam angle locks onto the target region. The pass ends abruptly when the mirror tilts away again.

Unlike a steady satellite, EARENDIL-1 may show subtle brightness variations as the mirror adjusts its aim. Watch for a brief period of maximum brightness near the peak of the pass when the geometry is optimal — this is when the 5km ground footprint is directly beneath the mirror at closest approach.

Track EARENDIL-1 from Mexico City at Launch

OrbitalNodes.ai will provide real-time pass predictions for Mexico City from the moment EARENDIL-1's orbital data is published. No app download required — runs entirely in your browser with GPS-accurate directions.

◈ OPEN ORBITALNODES.AI
FAQ

Space Mirror Questions — Mexico City

How bright will EARENDIL-1 appear from Mexico City?

At peak overhead passes, EARENDIL-1 is designed to reach magnitude ~−4 — comparable to Venus at maximum brightness. Mexico City's 83° near-zenith peak elevation combined with 2,240m altitude (significantly thinner atmosphere than sea-level cities) gives the mirror exceptional apparent brightness. It is easily visible from the Zócalo, Chapultepec Park, Cerro de la Estrella, or any elevated CBD location despite Bortle 8–9 urban light pollution. Between commercial illumination passes, Reflect Orbital tilts the mirror away from Earth, reducing brightness significantly.

How high will EARENDIL-1 appear from Mexico City?

From 19.4°N in the tropical Northern Hemisphere, EARENDIL-1 can reach ~83° elevation on the best passes — essentially directly overhead. Passes rise in the SW and transit toward the NE, standard for northern-hemisphere observers. Mexico City's low latitude is comparable to Mumbai, Bangkok, and Honolulu. Combined with the altitude advantage, Mexico City offers some of the best urban orbital-mirror viewing conditions of any major city on Earth.

When is the best time to see it from Mexico City?

December through May is Mexico City's dry season — cool, clear evenings with exceptional transparency thanks to the city's high altitude. Summer (May–October) brings daily afternoon thunderstorms that often clear by late evening. March and November offer stable transitional weather. The Sierra Madre east of the city provides dark-sky destinations within 3–4 hours drive.

Will the beam footprint hit Mexico City?

A 5km beam footprint could span from the Zócalo to Chapultepec Park and onto Polanco in a single pass — covering the entire historic and cultural core of the city. Alternatively, a beam over the Reforma corridor could illuminate the Ángel de la Independencia and major Reforma skyscrapers simultaneously. A pass targeting Teotihuacán (50km NE, the ancient Mesoamerican city with the Pyramid of the Sun and Pyramid of the Moon) would be globally distinctive — concentrated sunlight illuminating one of the most visited archaeological sites in the Americas. Whether any specific location falls in the footprint depends on Reflect Orbital's commercial contracts and targeting decisions.

Is EARENDIL-1 visible yet?

No — EARENDIL-1 has not launched yet. Reflect Orbital is targeting a mid-2026 launch. There is currently no space mirror in Earth orbit. OrbitalSolar.ai will update with live pass data from the moment orbital elements are published after launch. Check the mission tracker for current launch status.

Why does the mirror move differently from Mexico City than from other cities?

From the Northern Hemisphere at 19.4°N, EARENDIL-1 rises in the SW and transits NE — the standard direction for northern observers of sun-synchronous satellites. Southern Hemisphere observers in São Paulo, Sydney, or Cape Town see the mirror image of this pass, with the satellite rising in the NW and transiting NE. This is because sun-synchronous satellites track the boundary between Earth's day and night sides.

How does Mexico City's altitude affect EARENDIL-1 viewing?

Mexico City sits at 2,240m elevation in the Valley of Mexico — the highest major city in North America and one of the highest-altitude capitals in the world. The thinner atmosphere at this altitude reduces atmospheric extinction (light absorption) compared to sea-level cities, enhancing apparent mirror brightness by approximately 0.2–0.3 magnitudes. Combined with 83° near-zenith peak elevation, Mexico City offers one of the visually best-positioned locations on Earth for orbital mirror viewing — rivalling mountain observatories rather than typical urban viewing sites. The Valley of Mexico is surrounded by mountains including Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl, which provide dramatic silhouetted backdrops for passing satellites.

What dark-sky locations near Mexico City are best for watching the mirror pass?

The Blue Mountains (90 minutes west, Bortle 3–4) give the clearest sky with minimal light dome interference. Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park (45 minutes north) is excellent for clear northern passes. Royal National Park (45 minutes south) has a clear southern horizon. For serious observation, Observatory Hill in the CBD works for the bright mirror itself — at magnitude −4 it needs no dark sky — but the Blue Mountains are far better for seeing the beam footprint effect against a dark sky backdrop.

// ALSO TRACK SATELLITES OVER MEXICO CITY

OrbitalNodes.ai tracks the ISS, Tiangong, Hubble, and all satellites over Mexico City in real time — including exact pass times, directions, and brightness predictions.

→ SATELLITES OVER MEXICO CITY — ORBITALNODES.AI