TRACKER LAUNCH DATE ASTRONOMY SPACEX CONTROVERSY FAQ REFLECT ORBITAL
// AT A GLANCE

Core Facts — Verified April 2026

Company
Reflect Orbital (Hawthorne, California)
Founded
October 2021 by Ben Nowack (ex-SpaceX) and Tristan Semmelhack (ex-Zipline, Stanford)
First satellite
EARENDIL-1 — 18×18m aluminised Mylar reflective sail
Orbit
Sun-synchronous orbit at 625km altitude
Launch target
Mid-2026 aboard SpaceX Falcon 9
FCC filing
Application SAT-LOA-20250701-00129, submitted August 2025
Peak brightness
Magnitude ~−4 (comparable to Venus at maximum) for observers along the ground track
Beam footprint
~5km diameter, ~3.5 minutes per pass, approximately full-moon brightness within the beam
2030 target
4,000 mirrors in orbit (company roadmap)
Long-term goal
50,000 mirrors (company roadmap). CEO Ben Nowack has mentioned up to 250,000 in interviews.
Total funding
$35.2M as of 2026
// FUNDING TIMELINE

Investment Rounds — Verified from PR Newswire and SEC Filings

September 2024
$6.5M Seed — led by Sequoia Capital (its first space investment since SpaceX in 2010). Partner: Shaun Maguire. Angel investors include Baiju Bhatt (Robinhood co-founder).
May 14, 2025
$20M Series A — led by Lux Capital with Sequoia and Starship Ventures participating. Partner: Josh Wolfe (Lux). Joined cap table.
June 2025
$1.25M SBIR Phase II — US Air Force contract awarded via AFWERX, validating military illumination use cases (force protection, forward operating base lighting).
August 2025
FCC Experimental License — filed. Application SAT-LOA-20250701-00129 accepted for review.
// HISTORICAL CONTEXT

This Is Not the First Orbital Mirror

Russia launched Znamya-2 on 4 February 1993 from the Mir space station — a 20-metre aluminised Mylar reflector that successfully traced a 5km beam of sunlight across nighttime Europe, briefly brightening the ground within the beam to approximately full-moon levels. It remains the only orbital mirror that has ever fully worked as intended.

Znamya-2.5 (4-5 February 1999) was a larger 25m follow-on that snagged on an antenna during deployment and failed. The programme was cancelled. China's Chengdu "artificial moon" proposal (2018) received global press but no hardware was ever built.

EARENDIL-1 would be the first orbital mirror since 1999 and the first commercial one ever.

// WHAT'S AT STAKE

Scientific and Regulatory Opposition

The scientific community has raised significant concerns. Formal positions and resolutions have come from:

The FCC's authorisation framework was not designed to evaluate astronomical or ecological impact of reflective payloads. — Regulatory gap identified in multiple expert commentaries
// DATA YOU CAN USE

Topics OrbitalSolar.ai Covers in Depth

Pass Predictions for Major Cities

Dedicated pass-prediction guides for 26 cities across 6 continents: New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Houston, Seattle, Toronto, Mexico City, São Paulo, Buenos Aires, London, Paris, Madrid, Berlin, Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Auckland, Tokyo, Bangkok, Singapore, Mumbai, Dubai, Cape Town, Johannesburg, Lagos.

// USING THIS CONTENT

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Facts on this site are verified against primary sources including PR Newswire releases, FCC public filings, peer-reviewed research, Reflect Orbital's own press room, Wikipedia, Smithsonian Magazine, Space.com, Scientific American, Live Science, Universe Today, Monash Lens, EarthSky, and arxiv preprint papers.

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